Influence of dengue virus serotypes on the abundance of Aedes aegypti insect-specific viruses (ISVs).

A comprehensive understanding of the virome in mosquito vectors is crucial for assessing the potential transmission of viral agents, designing effective vector control strategies, and advancing our knowledge of insect-specific viruses (ISVs). In this study, we utilized Oxford Nanopore Technologies metagenomics to characterize the virome of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in various regions of Colombia, a country hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV). Analyses were conducted on groups of insects with previous natural DENV infection (DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes), as well as mosquito samples that tested negative for virus infection (DENV-negative). Our findings indicate that the Ae. aegypti virome exhibits a similar viral composition at the ISV family and species levels in both DENV-positive and DENV-negative samples across all study sites. However, differences were observed in the relative abundance of viral families such as Phenuiviridae, Partitiviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Picornaviridae, Bromoviridae, and Virgaviridae, depending on the serotype of DENV-1 and DENV-2. In addition, ISVs are frequently found in the core virome of Ae. aegypti, such as Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus (PCLV), which was the most prevalent and showed variable abundance in relation to the presence of specific DENV serotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of the L, M, and S segments of the PCLV genome are associated with sequences from different regions of the world but show close clustering with sequences from Brazil and Guadeloupe, indicating a shared evolutionary relationship. The profiling of the Ae. aegypti virome in Colombia presented here improves our understanding of viral diversity within mosquito vectors and provides information that opens the way to possible connections between ISVs and arboviruses. Future studies aimed at deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between ISVs and DENV serotypes in Ae. aegypti could provide valuable information for the design of effective vector-borne viral disease control and prevention strategies.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we employed a metagenomic approach to characterize the virome of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with and without natural DENV infection, in several regions of Colombia. Our findings indicate that the mosquito virome is predominantly composed of insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and that infection with different DENV serotypes (DENV-1 and DENV-2) could lead to alterations in the relative abundance of viral families and species constituting the core virome in Aedes spp. The study also sheds light on the identification of the genome and evolutionary relationships of the Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus in Ae. aegypti in Colombia, a widespread ISV in areas with high DENV incidence.

Dengue importado y autóctono en España / Imported and autochthonous dengue in Spain

El dengue es, globalmente, la arbovirosis más importante. Está causado por el virus del dengue y transmitido generalmente por la picadura de mosquitos del género Aedes (Ae aegypti o Ae albopictus). En España fue inicialmente erradicado en el siglo xx, junto con el vector Aeaegypti, y en la actualidad la mayoría de los casos notificados en España son importados por viajeros procedentes de países con transmisión de dengue (dengue importado). Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han descrito casos de dengue de personas residentes en España que no habían viajado a zonas con transmisión conocida del virus (dengue autóctono), transmitidos por Aedes albopictus (el denominado mosquito tigre), presente especialmente en la cuenca mediterránea. Se requiere por lo tanto un buen conocimiento de esta enfermedad, ya que puede dar lugar a cuadros clínicos graves, de modo que pueda ser diagnosticada precozmente y manejada correctamente, disminuyendo con ello su mortalidad, así como su eventual transmisión autóctona (AU)

Dengue is globally the most important arboviral infection. It is caused by the dengue virus and it is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes’ bites (Ae aegypti or Ae albopictus). In Spain it was initially eradicated in the 20th century, together with the Ae aegypti vector, and currently most of the cases reported in Spain are imported by travelers from countries with dengue transmission (imported dengue). However, in recent years, cases of dengue have been described in people residing in Spain who had not traveled to areas with known transmission (autochthonous dengue), transmitted by Aedes albopictus (the so-called tiger mosquito), present especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, a good knowledge of this potentially severe disease is required, so that it can be diagnosed early, and managed correctly, thus reducing its mortality, as well as its eventual autochthonous transmission (AU)

Genomic epidemiology of dengue in Shantou, China, 2019.

Objectives: Dengue has been endemic in Southeast Asian countries for decades. There are few reports tracing the dynamics of dengue in real time. In this study, we generated hundreds of pathogen genomes to understand the genomic epidemiology of an outbreak in a hyper-endemic area of dengue. Methods: We leveraged whole-genome short-read sequencing (PE150) to generate genomes of the dengue virus and investigated the genomic epidemiology of a dengue virus transmission in a mesoscale outbreak in Shantou, China, in 2019. Results: The outbreak was sustained from July to December 2019. The total accumulated number of laboratory-confirmed cases was 944. No gender bias or fatalities were recorded. Cambodia and Singapore were the main sources of imported dengue cases (74.07%, n = 20). A total of 284 dengue virus strains were isolated, including 259 DENV-1, 24 DENV-2, and 1 DENV-3 isolates. We generated the entire genome of 252 DENV isolates (229 DENV-1, 22 DENV-2, and 1 DENV-3), which represented 26.7% of the total cases. Combined epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple independent introductions. The internal transmission evaluations and transmission network reconstruction supported the inference of phylodynamic analysis, with high Bayes factor support in BSSVS analysis. Two expansion founders and transmission chains were detected in CCH and LG of Shantou. Conclusions: We observed the instant effects of genomic epidemiology in monitoring the dynamics of DENV and highlighted its prospects for real-time tracing of outbreaks of other novel agents in the future.

Incidência de casos confirmados de dengue no Estado do Paraná Brasil nos anos de 2016 a 2021 / Incidence of confirmed dengue cases in the State of Paraná Brazil in the years of 2016 to 2021 / Incidencia de casos confirmados de dengue en el Estado de Paraná Brasil en los años 2016 a 2021

A dengue é uma doença dolorosa e debilitante transmitida por insetos da espécie Aedes aegypti. Ela é definida como uma doença viral que, nos últimos anos, se espalhou vertiginosamente por todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e discutir o número e a taxa de incidência de casos de dengue no estado do Paraná utilizando-se dos boletins emitidos por semana epidemiológica nos anos de 2016 a 2021, considerando a sazonalidade da doença. Também se objetivou debater a incidência por macrorregional, as possíveis causas de períodos epidêmicos e ações de combate vetorial para redução dos casos da patologia. Foram utilizados como fonte de informações o banco de dados da Dengue/SVS/SESA, por meio de informes técnicos, disponibilizados pelo portal online de Boletins da Dengue Paraná da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Paraná. Conclui-se que o ano epidemiológico de 2019/2020 foi o de maior incidência e os anos epidemiológicos 2016/2017 e 2017/2018 apresentaram os menores casos durante todo período analisado. Dessa forma, a vigilância epidemiológica é muito importante para avaliação espacial da distribuição de casos para execução de ações estratégicas para redução da infestação do vetor. As políticas públicas e a disponibilização de inseticidas para aplicação também são essenciais para o combate da Dengue.

Dengue is a painful and debilitating disease transmitted by insects of the Aedes aegypti species. It is defined as a viral disease that, in recent years, has spread vertiginously throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. This study aimed to identify and discuss the number and incidence rate of dengue cases in the state of Paraná using the bulletins issued by epidemiological week in the years 2016 to 2021, considering the seasonality of the disease. The aim was also to discuss the incidence per macro-region, the possible causes of epidemic periods, and vectorial combat actions to reduce the cases of the pathology. The Dengue/SVS/SESA database was used as a source of information, through technical reports, made available by the online portal of Dengue Paraná Bulletins of the Paraná State Health Department. It is concluded that the epidemiological year 2019/2020 was the one with the highest incidence and the epidemiological years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 had the lowest cases during the entire period analyzed. Thus, epidemiological surveillance is very important for the spatial assessment of the distribution of cases to carry out strategic actions to reduce vector infestation. Public policies and the availability of insecticides for application are also essential to combat Dengue.

El dengue es una enfermedad dolorosa y debilitante transmitida por insectos de la especie Aedes aegypti. Se define como una enfermedad viral que, en los últimos años, se ha extendido vertiginosamente por las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y discutir el número y la tasa de incidencia de los casos de dengue en el estado de Paraná utilizando los boletines emitidos por la semana epidemiológica en los años 2016 a 2021, considerando la estacionalidad de la enfermedad. También se pretendía discutir la incidencia por macrorregiones, las posibles causas de los periodos epidémicos y las acciones de control de vectores para la reducción de los casos de la enfermedad. Se utilizó como fuente de información la base de datos de Dengue/SVS/SESA, por medio de informes técnicos, puestos a disposición por el portal online de Boletines de Dengue Paraná de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Paraná. Se concluye que el año epidemiológico 2019/2020 fue el de mayor incidencia y los años epidemiológicos 2016/2017 y 2017/2018 presentaron los menores casos durante todo el periodo analizado. Por lo tanto, la vigilancia epidemiológica es muy importante para la evaluación espacial de la distribución de los casos para la implementación de acciones estratégicas para reducir la infestación del vector. Las políticas públicas y la disponibilidad de insecticidas para su aplicación también son esenciales para combatir el dengue.

Dengue and zika viruses turn people into mosquito bait.

To spread, pathogens drive mice, people to make odorant.

The timing setting in kinetic dengue studies: A systematic review.

Dengue is classified as an endemic infectious disease, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitos. Kinetic studies, which monitor the viral load of the disease, have been the mainstay for several decades in humanity's quest to control this disease. Our study aims to systematically evaluate the usage of different timing systems in dengue kinetic studies. A search in nine electronic databases and manual search of reference and citation lists were conducted to find relevant studies. A quality assessment using the National Institute of Health tools for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was performed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with number CRD42018086435. As results, among included 87 studies, 71 studies (81.6%) use a timing system which is based on the day of illness onset, of which, 11 studies designate the day of illness onset as "day 0″ (type 1A) while 60 studies designate it as "day 1″ (type 1B). Only ten articles (11.5%) designate the day of defervescence as "day 0″, the day before and after defervescence as "day -1″ and "day +1″, respectively. Four articles (4.6%) use a timing system based on the day of hospital admission. Lastly, two studies (2.3%) designate the day of hemorrhagic manifestation as "day 0″ and two studies (2.3%) designate the day of pharmacological treatment as "day 1″. Therefore, the timing system which designates the day of illness onset as "day 1″ (type 1B) was most commonly used. Inconsistent definitions of "day 0″ and "day 1″ may lead to disparities in results across the studies and may have a negative impact on treatment guidelines implementation.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 25 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 25

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 25.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 17 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 17

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 17 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 19 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 19

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 19.

A metapopulation approach to identify targets for Wolbachia-based dengue control.

Over the last decade, the release of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti into the natural habitat of this mosquito species has become the most sustainable and long-lasting technique to prevent and control vector-borne diseases, such as dengue, zika, or chikungunya. However, the limited resources to generate such mosquitoes and their effective distribution in large areas dominated by the Aedes aegypti vector represent a challenge for policymakers. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework for the spread of dengue in which competition between wild and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, the cross-contagion patterns between humans and vectors, the heterogeneous distribution of the human population in different areas, and the mobility flows between them are combined. Our framework allows us to identify the most effective areas for the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes to achieve a large decrease in the global dengue prevalence.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 12 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 12

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 12, de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 13 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 13

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 13 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 14 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 14

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 14 de 2022.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 15 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 15

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 15.

Vigilancia de enfermedades transmitidas por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti SE 16 / Surveillance of diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito SE 16

Presentación periódica del análisis de este tipo de enfermedades (ETMAa) donde se presenta la situación regional y nacional de presencia de dengue u otras arbovirosis, así como los casos notificados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta la SE 16 de 2022.